Presenter(s):
Domenico Cimini, PhD, Research Manager, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Integrated Methodologies for Earth Observation (IMIOT)
Description:
Ground-based and satellite observations provide complementary capabilities for atmospheric profiling. While satellite sounders primarily observe the free troposphere and upper atmosphere, ground-based profilers provide most of the information within the planetary atmospheric boundary layer (PABL), whose thermodynamic structure plays a critical role in forecasting severe weather, air quality, and other high-impact environmental phenomena. Despite their importance, ground-based observations still lack the spatial density, coordination, and standardization required for routine operational use. As a result, the PABL remains the most poorly observed region of the atmosphere, representing a major gap in the global observing system. Even where ground-based PABL profilers are available, the lack of harmonized measurement procedures, calibration methodologies, and data formats often limits their operational value, slowing progress in numerical weather prediction, air quality forecasting, and climate monitoring. This presentation reviews recent analyses, methodologies, and international initiatives aimed at enhancing the operational use of ground-based observations, with particular emphasis on microwave radiometer profilers. Topics include instrument calibration and validation, radiative transfer modeling, uncertainty characterization, the development of coordinated observing networks, and the assimilation of ground-based observations into numerical weather prediction.
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